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Codiode/Problems/Sequential Logic

Unknown Counter: Reverse-Engineer from Excitation Equations

HardLogic CircuitAnalyze

Reverse-engineering a counter from its excitation equations is a primary design review and debug technique. Hardware engineers frequently map raw Boolean logic back to state transition diagrams to verify safety and recovery mechanisms.

The circuit under review is a 3-bit synchronous counter with state variables Q2, Q1, and Q0. The next-state logic is defined by the following D-flip-flop excitation equations: D0 = Q1' D1 = Q0 XOR Q1 D2 = Q1·Q0 + Q2·Q1

Compute the complete 8-state next-state table. Trace the state transitions to identify the valid count cycle, find any invalid state paths, and determine if any states result in permanent lockup.

Constraints

  • Assume standard positive-edge triggered D flip-flops.
  • State values are represented as the integer value of the binary word Q2 Q1 Q0, where Q2 is the most significant bit.
  • Q1' represents the logical NOT of Q1.

Topics

CountersState MachinesReverse Engineering

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