Ripple Divide by 4 Phase Delay Analysis
A two-stage ripple counter divides a clock frequency by four, but each sequential stage introduces a fixed clock-to-output delay that accumulates down the chain.
Three signals are shown: CLK (clock, alternating every step), Q1 (stage one output, initially 0), and Q2 (stage two output, initially 0). Both Q1 and Q2 are driven by positive-edge-triggered T flip-flops with a clock-to-output delay of exactly 1 time step. Q1 toggles 1 time step after the rising edge of CLK. Q2 toggles 1 time step after the rising edge of Q1.
Trace Q1 and Q2 across all 16 time steps.
Constraints
- Outputs change exactly 1 time step after the rising edge of their respective driving clocks.
- A rising edge is defined strictly as a transition from 0 to 1.
- Both flip-flops are positive-edge-triggered and toggle their state on every valid clock event.
Topics
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